Technological Challenges and Advancement in Proton Conductors: A Review

Proton conductors (PCs) are multifunctional perovskite materials with structural, electrical, and chemical compatibilities that serve as principal components in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (PC-SOFC). The synergetic advantages of PC-SOFC dominate lucrative applications conventional SOFC. However, adequate accompany certain key limitations PCs. inverse interplay between conductivity stability two broader challenges which demonstrate a clear trade-off. As consequence, different reactive constituents within the host BaCeO3 BaZrO3 PCs enforce gradient under diverse atmospheres, while altered charge chemistry structural perturbations escalate activation barrier impose reduced conductivity. Such occurrences more pronounced acceptor-doped Although material engineering via acceptor defect substitutions assists protonation dynamics, on other hand, it provokes novel (proton trapping effect) at higher dopant volume fraction beyond threshold. entropy among electrophysical parameters is proportionally associated dopant-incorporated subcategorical limitations. In this study, compilation factors responsible for diversities consequence compositional-induced symmetry variations highlighted plausible conclusion future research perspectives smart advanced energy applications.